Psychology: the Affects of Violent Video Games

Gavin Hoy PY102 Prof. Martin The Affects of Violent Video Games Video games haven’t been around for long, but they are heavily impacting the youth of America. As the years go by, video games become more realistic, and more violent. The first video game was bouncing a ball in between two paddles, which hardly seems amusing, couldn’t possibly have a violent effect on a child. Today, games have blood, decapitations, and guns and weapons all that look real and make the child feel like a real police officer, or a real criminal, or whichever character they are in that particular game.Research suggests that violent video games make children more aggressive, and violent in everyday situations. Also, children are likely to use one of their characters in a video game as a role model for them, and try to be like he or she while reenacting what their character does in the game. This article interests me because as a kid, I was allowed any video game I desired, and turns out I am no more aggressive then a bus driver.This paper will present two different articles that say I should be aggressive and try to reenact video games. The first article I read about violent video games was: â€Å"I wish I were a warrior: The role of wishful identification in the effects of violent video games on aggression in adolescent boys† by Brad Bushman. Bushman states that boys, when trying to figure out their own identity, tend to take shape of those identities in their video games (e. g. superhero police officer or a hero of some sort) Bushman also explains that the children with lower education are the ones who will express more aggression and violence in everyday life after playing a violent video game. (Bushman â€Å"I wish.. †). Bushman confirmed his hypothesis: â€Å"violent video games are especially likely to increase aggression when players identify with violent game characters† meaning, if a child plays a violent video game, they are likely to take o n the traits of that main character, including the violence.Bushman let 112 boys around 15 years of age play four different types of video games. Violent-realistic, violent fantasy, nonviolent-realistic, and nonviolent fantasy. The boys, after playing one of the games, were then set up with a partner of the same sex and started a â€Å"competitive reaction time task† (Bushman â€Å"I wish†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), the task was to push a button, when told to do so, as fast as they could, the boy who lost would receive a blast of noise through their headphones.Each boy chose their partners punishment level for not winning the task, they set the level of noise their partner would receive if he lost. Of 25 trials with the reaction time task, 12 boys who played violent video games gave their partner a level 10 noise blast, even though the boys knew a level 10 will damage their hearing, one boy was quoted saying â€Å"I blasted him with Level 10 noise because he deserved it. I know he can get hearing damage, but I don't care! (Bushman â€Å"I wish†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). So, the boys who played violent video games expressed a great deal more aggression towards their partner in the reaction time task, which confirms Bushman’s hypothesis. Out of the boys who played to nonviolent video games, they did not give their partner a high noise blast, which demonstrates low levels of aggression. I personally did not like this article, the results were hard to interpret and statistics were irrelevant to my purpose for reading the article.I think the article could be a quarter of the size it is and still be effective. The article uses too many abbreviations it expects the reader to 1) understand, and 2) remember once they were told about them. I think the article provided little information where it counted (e. g. statistics that matter, not the decibel level of the noise blasts (irrelevant)). This article should be revised, restructured, and scaled down for future psychology stu dents.

Black Panther Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Panther Party - Essay Example Edgar Hoover's saw Black Panther party as the greatest threat to the internal security of United States. In 1967, the founder of Black Panther Party, Newton was wounded during battle with police and charged with killing of a Police Officer and these episodes brought Black Panther Party to national prominence and they opened new chapters throughout the country. (History matters, n.d.). The Black Panther Party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militancy struggle for protecting ethnic minority and working class emancipation (Guerrilla War in the U.S.A., n.d.). The Black Panther Party was a progressive political organization and a most powerful movement for social change in America since 1776 and the civil war and it is referred as The Sixties and it is only the sole black organization in entire history of black struggle against slavery and oppression in the US that was armed and promoted a revolutionary agenda by the black masses for equality, justice and freedom (What was the Black Panther party, n.d.). History of Black Panther Party: After the assassination of Malcolm X in the year 1965, Huey P. Newton gathered some of his friend including Bobby Seale and David Hilliard and developed an organization in the year 1966 (What was the Black Panther party, n.d.). It was originally named as Black Panther Part for Self Defense and Black Panther were used as symbol. In 1967 Bobby Seale and 30 other party members were arrested and later in 1967 Newton were arrested for killing an Oakland Police Officer. To free Huey, panther Eldridge Clever begins a movement "Free Huey" and later Stokely Carmichael was recruited the party's prime minister in 1968. Carmichael, a former chairman of Students Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) was totally adamant of absorbing white into the movement and this has led to the basis of black power in US. To curtail the movement, in 1968 the FBI initiated a program known as counterintelligence program and later did the surgical assassinations for killing many members of the organization. These mass killings and several arrests were followed by a psychological war designed to split and destroy the party (Guerilla war in U.S.A., n.d.). Theory of Black Panther Party: Malcolm X was a role model of Black Panther part and the party members followed the Malcolm's belief of international working class unity across various minority group, color or gender and therefore they were able to unite various minority and white revolutionary group. The Black Panther party rejected the government stance to join politics and share power structure (Black Panther Party, n.d.). The Black Panther party took many ideas from Karl Marx, Lenin and Mao and shaped the Black Panther Party in such a manner in which it should organize a revolutionary cadre organization and from the Maoism the Black Panther Party considered them the vanguard party that is committed to organizing support for a socialist revolution (Black Panther Party, n.d.). They later adopted ten point programs. The Rules of Black Panther Party: In addition to ten point programs, every member of Black Panther party has to obey a number of rules and the enforcing authorities such as central committee members or central

May one lend money to co-workers who need it to commit sins Personal Statement

May one lend money to co-workers who need it to commit sins - Personal Statement Example In the case of his friend for instance, who wanted the money to ‘commit sin’ with a call girl, he denied him on moral grounds. He argued that by doing that, he would be hurting the wife of this co-worker. However, his morality position can be questioned where he provides his boss with money to purchase a gift. This present was supposed to be given to a woman that the boss was having an affair with, though he was married. Though the individual in question knew about this, he went ahead and paid for the gift for his boss. The two similar scenarios have elicited two contrasting responses. This therefore begs the question of where he stands as far as morality is concerned. The lack of consistence despite the situation is enough to support the fact that most people would appear moral only when they gain more pleasure in the event. However, if there is any loss perceived, one would rather compromise to safe their status quo. My point of view and premises for that position Cons istency in terms of how one responds to issues of morality within the society is imperative. This is especially on how one conducts him/herself towards the colleagues in the working environment. For one to be defined as morally upright, it would be necessary for them to appear predictable in all situations, in terms of their position on various social issues. Fear of losing certain favors because of one’s action or position should not arise. In the case of the of the individual in question, the fact that he agreed to do his boss a favor opens a door to further compromises in future. Through one would understand his reason for taking that compromising act, he failed to take initiative of rejecting. For instance, he did not offer his stand on the issue of unfaithfulness on the part of his boss. The fact that he assisted him in paying for the gift could be explained as ‘supporting such an act.’ Secondly, one would also say that his moral position is not grounded str ongly. He is swayed by circumstances which should not be the case provided one does what they think is right. For instance, why did he not fear losing friendship by not lending money to his friend? Secondly, why did he not choose to reciprocate the same act to his boss? The whole issue of morality lacks meaning if how one behaves is determined by pain and pleasure one may incur. One would be in a position to draw a line and say ‘this is right’ and ‘this is wrong’ despite the repercussions. The notion that he would be discharged of his duty by denying the favor to his boss is just a perception that is not based on reality. For instance, there are laws which protect employees from any unfair treatment. One can seek redress if they feel they are being harassed by their seniors. According to my position therefore, morality should have a specific definition and remain consistent in all scenarios regardless of the consequences. Support by other philosopher such a s John Stuart Mill, Jeremy Bentham, John F. Cosby and Veatch. John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham seem to share similar sentiments as far as issues of morality are concerned. They raise two important social phenomena of pain and pleasure as the main determinants of how individuals behave in certain circumstances (Bentham 58). They indicate that what manners are the final result and not the means taken. Both of them agree on matters of personal happiness as what is imperative in deciding moral

Investment Alternative Benchmarking for Bernard Lester Case Study

Investment Alternative Benchmarking for Bernard Lester - Case Study Example Before 1982, the company is strictly undertaking the production of vehicles while a sales arm named Toyota Motor Sales Company is in charge in marketing its products to end consumers. It should also be noted that there is a clash of culture between the two companies. While Toyota Motor Company prioritizes efficient cost management, the sales arm is concerned with customer satisfaction. Thus, the idea of merger between the two becomes somewhat impossible. However, in 1982 Toyota Motor Company merges with its sale arm forming a 120 billion yen corporation (Toyota in Merger 1982). In the case of Lester, it should be noted that it is the sales arm of Shang-wa in the United States. Having formed a strategic alliance with each other, both companies are contemplating in combining their resources for their mutual benefit through a merger. The decision of fusion between the two business organizations has been met by difficulties of how to merge their different cultures. In the end, however, the efforts come into fruition with the emergence of culture focused on efficiency and creativity (Dillon 2006). Ford Motor Company lags behind Toyota in terms of car sales gaining it the reputation of the third largest automaker in the world. In 2006, the company has been reported to be in discussion for a possible merger with one of its competitor General Motors (Bunkley 2006). However, in the end, the automotive industry saw that this venture failed to materialize because of the lack of strong motivation and benefits which can be derived. Like the real world example from Ford, Lester as well as Shang-wa wants to be acquired by their competitors namely TEC and Avral, respectively. Like General Motors, these acquirers want to beef up their portfolio with companies which have already built a strength of their own. The failure of the proposed merger between the Ford and General Motors did not change the status quo. Ford still operates and competes with General Motors and vice versa. Both business organizations retain the manufacture and distribution of their product lines as well as exercise autonomy in their decision making. Step 2. Toyota has been known in the business world because of its commitment in pursuing manufacturing and operational efficiency. Its quest in finding the most cost efficient manufacturing process is rewarded by its discovery of the lean manufacturing system which makes use of the Just-in-Time inventory system (Dillon 2006). In this manufacturing philosophy, Toyota eliminates wastage or non-value adding processes or resources within its value chain in order to economize. However, it also maintains the quality of its product by ensuring that creativity is not compromised within the manufacturing process. In the Just-in-Time inventory system, cars are manufactured based on consumer demand. Parts are semi-assembled and are finally put together by a team whose members have diverse specialization. Employee empowerment has also been important as Toyota allows their employees to take charge and make their own decision if the need arises. The decision of Toyota to merge with its distribution arm highlights its strategy of pooling resources in order

School Counseling Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Counseling Education - Essay Example Initially when parents get the information of their child being deaf, seems hard to digest. The initial reactions are; how they would be able to cope up with their child and his needs? How will they be able to communicate with their own offspring? Will it be hard to find the best academic institution for him? Is it a better idea that he works his way out along with normal kids? These are some questions and problems that almost every family with a deaf kid, goes through. With the gradual acceptance of their child’s impairment, they step in towards finding the best possible learning method for him. Either they should opt for leaning sign language as a whole or should they wait and understand the situation after their child becomes a part of the academic community. There’s still difference between deaf and hard at hearing children. According to some studies around 90% of the children who have trouble hearing or are deaf, have perfectly hearing parents. (â€Å"For Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing†). Where some families opt for learning sign languages, the proportion of such families, however, is quite less. Some families still prefer using sign language, and children have a hard time distinguishing words with common sounds, for instance; â€Å"plate† and â€Å"mate†. ... Parents should be taught to accept the child’s shortcoming and that they should not be making the child a source of disgrace or embarrassment for the family, rather they should be working on their child in order to make something better out of him. There aren’t many deaf role models, altogether. Bringing a positive change in the child’s learning abilities will surely make a difference. Counselors for deaf and children with hearing disabilities should be fluent in sign language, if that isn’t the case, then the institution should be equipped with interpreters who can easily translate the child’s requirement efficiently in order to facilitate deaf children to make their learning process a lot easier. 1a) I have to admit before reading this chapter ----------------------- and working through accompanying identity issues. The counselor in the given example clearly understands the deaf children’s needs as she has under gone the same problem back a t her home. Her 5 month old son turned out to have hearing problems, according to her he failed to pass the initial hearing tests, but on later account the parents noticed that the child responded to their voices. As impulsive as it may seem, the child had trouble hearing stuff properly. Still the lady was unsure about what to do with further tests and the post treatment for hearing impairment. Her initial thoughts were â€Å"that may be hearing implants can solve everything†. But that’s not the case in reality. There are hundreds of other factors that turn out to affect a child’s behavior in the classroom. For instance, according to her survey the noises that are a part of a classroom affect the child’s learning ability even if he’s mildly

Discuss the importance of the manuscript in Medieval art. Explain and Essay

Discuss the importance of the manuscript in Medieval art. Explain and explore issues of authorship, production, patronage, style, and technique - Essay Example echanical means ÃŽ ¿f reproduction.[23] Consistent with a long medieval tradition, contemporary sources praised the opulence ÃŽ ¿f the materials or the technical appropriateness ÃŽ ¿f the finished product in terms ÃŽ ¿f "good" images, something that pleased the eye ÃŽ ¿f the beholder as well as the Creator.[24] In his impressive two-part volume Lilian Randall (1997) describes eighty-four codices and eighty-two unbound items produced in the medieval southern Netherlands, approximately equivalent to modern-day Belgium. It follows her equally impressive coverage ÃŽ ¿f manuscripts from France (vol. I, 1989; vol. II, in 2 parts, 1992); between them they cover about two-thirds ÃŽ ¿f the Western manuscripts at the Walters. The first thing to say to anyone who does not know the previous catalogues is that the descriptions are extremely detailed: for example, the description ÃŽ ¿f the Beaupre Antiphonary (cat. nos 219A-D) fills more than thirty pages. Catalogues ÃŽ ¿f medieval manuscripts might be said to fall into two broad types: on the one hand there are those that aim to provide readers with just enough information to help them decide whether they ought to consult the original in person; and on the other hand, there are those that provide so much information that the reader either does not have to consult the original, or can be confident that it is indeed worth the cost and effort ÃŽ ¿f a visit to examine the original. Randalls catalogues lie squarely in the second camp. Like many collections ÃŽ ¿f manuscripts (as opposed to libraries) formed during the last century or so, the Walters manuscripts were acquired largely for their decoration, and it is therefore appropriate that Randall provides perhaps the most detailed descriptions ÃŽ ¿f decoration to be found in any catalogue. But her descriptions are not aimed only at the art historian: equal care is given to all the features that one would hope to find covered in a catalogue ÃŽ ¿f undecorated manuscripts, such as the identification ÃŽ ¿f

Judaism, Christianity, Islam Essay Example for Free

Judaism, Christianity, Islam Essay The three oldest religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Judaism is a one of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism is a monotheistic religion, which means that Jewish people pray to only one g-d. There weren’t too many religions like this when it originated which made Judaism very unique at the time. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a set of rules that people even today still follow. The Jews have many customs and traditions. Among them are circumcision, bar or bat mitzvah, special rituals and prayers to be said during a wedding and during death and mourning. Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin of the penis. The rite of circumcision is one of the most ancient practices of Judaism. Circumcision is done because of a Commandment by God to Abraham as it is written in the Torah and as a sign of commitment of Jewish people. The Torah is Judaism’s most important text. It contains the Five Books of Moses and is the source of the Ten Commandments. Bar or Bat mitzvah’ is when a child reaches the age of maturity, 13 for boys, and 12 for girls, and is ready to become an adult their community. At that age, a child becomes responsible for his actions and is obligated to observe the commandments. This ceremony is incorporated into an ordinary Sabbath service. During a Jewish wedding, the bride and groom get married under a special cloth called a â€Å"chuppah† or special canopy. Another tradition that is followed during a Jewish wedding is the breaking of a small glass at the end of the ceremony. This is to symbolize that even though this is a happy event, people should still remember the hardships that were faced before the Jewish people got to that place in time. During death and mourning, a Jewish family will sit â€Å"shiva† which is sitting in mourning for seven days after the death of a loved one. Some other customs are wearing a kippah on the head in a synagogue or wearing a tallit, a prayer shawl, while praying. Christianity is one of the world’s major monotheistic religions. Christianity takes the beliefs and practices very seriously. The central figure in Christianity is Jesus Christ. As the Son of God, he came to earth to teach about love and fellowship. He represents the person that all Christians must strive to be. Christians believe that he is the only one that ever lived on earth that can be called perfect from all worldly sins. The important thing to understand was that Jesus was God. He was here on earth to teach of God’s plan for all of humanity and to save the people of the world from their transgressions. In Christianity, God is almighty and rules over all of heaven and earth. He is the one that created the earth and one day will cast judgment over the entire earth. Christians understand that through Jesus Christ, people can be saved from this judgment. By believing that Jesus Christ is Lord and Savior, the Spirit of God is exists in all believers, and that God is almighty in power. A person can be saved from this judgment. Christians believe in heaven and hell. Heaven is the place where believers would enjoy the presence of God and other believers and freedom from suffering and sin. Hell is where unbelievers and sinners are punished for their sins committed during the course of their lives. Baptism is one of the most important sacraments in Christianity. It involves application of or immersion in water, a blessing, and the pronouncement, I baptize you in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Most Christian churches baptize both infants and adults, but some believe that baptism is only rightly performed on adults. Views of baptism vary, but common views of the rituals include: it grants or symbolizes salvation, commemorates Christs death and resurrection, fulfills the command of Jesus to baptize, cleanses away sins, confers grace, and publicly expresses ones faith. Christianity also teaches about the importance of attending Holy Mass. It’s important for Christians to keep their Sabbath according to the commandments. It is observed on the seventh day which usually falls on a Sunday or Saturday and is considered a weekly day of rest from work. The day is spent fasting and praying and attending Holy Mass. At Mass, followers are taught about the teachings in the bible through scripture readings. The celebration of Mass would conclude with the sharing of communion. Communion represents the Passover that Jesus celebrated with his twelve disciples on the eve of His death. It is an integral part of Christian worship. It causes Christians to remember the Lord’s death and resurrection and to look for His glorious return in the future. Holidays, feasts and fasts are a significant part of Christian religious practice. The feast days celebrate joyous and sorrowful historical events such as the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, while the fast days provide a special opportunity to focus on self-reflection, self-discipline and repentance. Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. Lent starts on Ash Wednesday and it runs for forty days. During the forty days Christians fast and pray which represents the forty days Jesus spent in the wilderness fasting and praying. Lent is followed by Easter which represents the return of Jesus from the wilderness. Easter starts from Palm Sunday. His death and resurrection is observed during Easter. Special Services are kept in the church during this week and ends with Easter Sunday, the day that Jesus rose from the dead. Islam is a simple and practical religion. It has established, clear, and easily understandable beliefs and laws that any follower or student of the religion can easily understand. Islam affirms belief in a decent, civilized society. Islam also does not demand impossible goodness of its followers, but it recognizes that all human beings make mistakes and sin. No one is exempt. Islam preaches peace, mercy, justice, tolerance, equality, love, truth, forgiveness, patience, morality, sincerity and righteousness. Islam is the religion that preaches the Oneness of God, the Oneness of mankind and the Oneness of the Message. Muslims believe that there is only one supreme God, Allah. In Islam to believe in Allah is not only to believe in Allahs existence but also to believe in all Allahs attributions, to worship Allah alone, and to obey all Allahs commands. Islam teaches about the five pillars: Shahada, Salah, Seyam, Zakat and Hajj. Shahada is the verbal commitment and pledge that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. It is the duty of every Muslim, male and female, after reaching the age of puberty, to perform five Salats or prayers at specific times during the day and night. These five specific times are: Dawn, Noon, Afternoon, Sunset, and Night. A ritual called Wudu, which is the cleaning several parts of the body with water, is a prerequisite to Salat. Fasting during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, is from sun up to sun down only and is an obligation on every healthy adult Muslim, male or female. Fasting is total abstinence from eating, drinking, smoking, gum chewing, intimate relations, and taking anything into the body. If a person is ill and needs to take medication, he/she cannot fast. Fasting is also a time to discipline ones self from bad behaviors, such as; arguing and saying mean things. Those who are ill or unable to fast for health or reasons of age are exempt from fasting. However, they should feel the poor one meal for every day they miss of fasting. Women who are pregnant, menstruating, or nursing, or any who are traveling, are also exempt from fasting. However, when their situation changes, they make up the days of fasting or feed the poor one meal for each day of fasting they missed. Zakat is an annual obligatory charity on every Muslim, male or female, who possesses over the last year money or property that exceeds their minimum needs. The requirement is 2. 5% of ones excess wealth. The performance of the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia is required once in a lifetime of every Muslim, if financially able, as well as physically able. Hajj begins every year during the month of Dul Hejja. Dul Hejja is the 12th month of the Islamic calendar year. The Hajj is a spiritual journey where a Muslim forgets all worldly things and devotes his/her attention and time to Allah alone. Islam looks at the woman as an equal, mature and capable partner of a man, without whom a family cannot exist and teaches that men and women are all the creation of Allah, existing on a level of equal worth and value. In some societies women are treated according to ancestral customs and tribal tradition, but in Islam they are treated with full respect and honor. Islam preserves womens honor and dignity, and requires that she must be treated with respect and honor. Her femininity should not be exploited in any way, rather she is to be regarded and treated as human individual whose sexuality does not enter into her relationship with any person other than her husband. In Islam marriage cannot take place unless the female freely agrees to it and a dowry is given to her. Islam puts priorities for the husbands and wives. The responsibility for providing for the family is on the husband, while the responsibility to care for the house and raising the children is on the wife. These are the main priorities, but cooperation between the husband and the wife is required and highly recommended.